Monologue

Child (Teenager)	Mom (Middle Adulthood)	Grandma (Late Adulthood)
– Now, I am really confuse about which one is the real me. The way I behave in front of my parents is so different when I am with my friends. Another thing is I don’t really know what I like or dislike. The school is asking the students to choose their favourite sport club, but I am having hard time decide which sport should I join in. – Another problem is about my friends. I feel like they can’t accept me for who I am. We are different in personality, thought, and tastes. Now, I searching for a new group of friend who can accept me, and have similar personality as me. – I feel like am getting too fat, and I am starting to diet and keep my body in shape. Even though I eat so less but I still find myself looking fat every time I looking in the mirror. My parents and friends said that I am too skinny and told me to eat more. However, I still think that I am too fat.	– I am not sure if the job I working now is right for me. I don’t really enjoy working it anymore, I think I am going to choose a new job that is more interest and suitable for me. So I could enjoy and have fun working on it. – These days, I feel like I am easily getting tired. I cannot carry heavy things like I use to did before. And yesterday, when I was playing badminton with my friend’s child, I could’t believe that I lose the child. This make me realize that I am no longer young. I am getting older and older, and lose my strength. I think I need start taking care of myself more, try to eat healthy food, and exercise. So I could maintain my strength throughout my mildly adulthood. – Now, I am feeling a bit sad because my children are all having their own families, and they have left home to establish their own lives. It’s so lonely when the house suddenly become so empty and quite. They are busy with their lives, and works, and didn’t come visit me so often. Although they did call me and talk to me in phone, but it still feel lonely and depress sometime. I am just still not use to it. – Another problem is my menopause. This makes me feel discomfort sometime. I also easily have mood swings. I often feel happy for a while, then suddenly become sad. Sometime I also suddenly feeling hot even though the air-condition is on. I just start to sweat and get tired. I had went to the doctor, and the doctor said it’s due to the hormonal change in the body.	– I am getting older and older now. I can’t walk fast like how I did before. I am getting slower in doing everything. I also feel like my senses are getting worse now. I cannot really see text clearly like before. And also cannot really hear what other people are talking. My bones are also getting weaker, so I have to be careful in doing everything. Sometime, I feel like I cannot remember things well too. And so I am worry about getting Dementia / Alzheimer. Therefore, try to take good care of myself. – I am also facing with retirement. At first, I was quite enjoy because i can just relax and no need to worry about work anymore. But right now, I start to feel bored and don’t know what to with these free time. I am looking for some activities to do during these free times so I won’t get too bored. And eventually I had found one, I spend my time sew clothes which is quite fun. Sometime, I also call my friend to come to my house, and sew the clothes together.

Vocabulary “Identifying People and Ideas” pg. 294

• patriarchy: it’s when men play a dominant role in marriage and society.

• generativity: it’s when adults (middle-aged) able to create, originate, and produce.
• midlife crisis: it’s a negative time when people (middle adulthood) sad with the way their life has turned out; they might start to feel like the limitations or dreams that they previously had may not come true.
• empty–nest syndrome: it’s the feeling of emptiness and loss that the parents feel when their children leave home to establish their own lives.
• menopause: it’s when women stop menstruation and can no longer have children, usually begin around the age of late 40s – early 50s.
• cellular damage theories: it’s the theories suggest that the cells can no longer work properly and not heredity. This might cause from the internal body damage or external such as trauma or toxins.
• senile dementia: it’s the loss of cognitive functioning. people might loss their memory, have problem with speaking, and unable to perform simple tasks.
• alzheimer’s disease: it’s a progressive form of metal deterioration which affect memory, language, and problem solving.
• hospice: it’s a homelike place where dying people and their families are given the physical and emotional support to help them cope with terminal illness.
• living will: legal documents in which the singer requests to be allowed to die rather than being kept alive by artificial means if disabled beyond a reasonable expectation of recovery.

Late Adulthood

Late adulthood 

• late adulthood is used to describe people who are 65 and over.

why do we get old?

• Programmed theories feel us that we have biological clocks that move forward at a predetermined pace. Studies show that people whose parents lived long lives are more likely to have long lives themselves. This suggest that genetics play a significant role in the length of one’s life.
• Cellular damage theories suggest that cells malfunctions as a result of damage and not heredity. The damage may come from internal body changes or from external causes, such as trauma or toxins.
• An example of someone who has taken very good care of their physical body: a100 year old runner.

Cognitive changes

• Dementia is a serious loss of cognitive functioning. There are great losses in memory, there may be speech problems, and people may unable to perform simple tasks. They may also have difficulty concentrating or making plan.

Social changes

• Retirement: many people dream of this time when they no longer need to go to work. Others are worried about what they will do with free time. In most cases, retirement is voluntary.
• many turn there attention to leisure activities.

Nursing Homes

• in American and Canada, the elderly are sometimes placed in nursing homes once they are 80+ years old. These are facilities where they are taken care of by staff: meals are cooked for them, their beds are cleaned, they are helped with daily living tasks, they are given medications by nurses and visited by doctors there.

Stage of dying

• 1. Denial: the dying person might think “it can’t be me. the doctor;s diagnosis must be wrong!”
• 2. Anger: people might  think “ they is unfair! Why me?”
• 3. Bargaining: people might think “ I’ll be a better person if I can just love longer!”
• 4. Depression: they person may be come very sad.
• 5. Acceptance: the person concluders that they have had a good life and they are ready to die.

Young Adulthood

Young adulthood

• 20 -40 years old
• during their 2-s and 30s, people are at the height of they recognitive powers. People are faster, stronger, better coordinated and have more endurance than they have ever had or will ever have again.

Intimate relationship

• defined as a trusting, close friendship with another person in which one can be honest without fear or rejection.
• 20s-30s, people find themselves a mate  to settle down with.
• This task is easier once one has developed a firm sense of identity
• A Patriarchy is when men play a dominant role in marriage as wells as in the larger society. In recent times, the patriarchy is become less prominent as women gain equal status in many domains.

History of Marriage 

• today, many people marry out of love.
• in the past, marriages in the West were arranged by the parents of the bride and groom, generally on the basis of how the marriage would benefit the two families.
• Benefits included the transfer of wealth from family to family and through generations, and provide stable home for children.

Choosing a mate

• people are influenced by ethnicity, level of education, social class, religion, and age.
• People generally marry people who are similar to themselves.

Most see marriage as permanent

• In a poll in the United States in the year 2000, 86% of the respondents said that they would expect to stay married of for the rest of their lives if they got married.

Reason for divorce

• in the past, women were more dependent on their husband for income and security
• no women become more equal rot men in all aspects, they feel the freedom to divorce as they can provide money for themselves.
• people have high expectations of each other (ex. husband may expect his wife to never go out with her friends once married, the woman may expect her husband to help out more with household chores)
• relationship required work and commitment, and some have just lost the desire to try.
• abuse, cheating, illness or financial strains, or an inability to communicate effectively.

Children of divorce parents

• this children are more likely to have behavioural problem, engage in substance abuse, and earn lower grade in school.
• BUT, most children overcome the period of stress that follows a divorce and improve.
• Studies show that it is better for a child to be in a single-parent family than to be in a home where parents are fighting.

Middle Adulthood

middle adulthood

• is from 40-65 years old
• by 40, most people have begun to lose some of the strength, coordination, and stamina they had easier in life.
• people who take care of themselves can maintain excellent health and strength throughout middle adulthood.

Reassessment

• reassessment of life sometimes comes around 30 years old. At this time, people think about decisions they have made in an effort to determine whether their chosen courses is really the one that is right for them. People ask themselves question like “why am I ding this?” and “where is my life going”
• this can bring about major life changes.

Midlife transition

• Midlife transition is a period in middle adulthood when people’s perspectives change in a major way.
• Around 40, people of through generational shift: this can be brought on by a death of someone they know, a serous illness, a change at work, or losing at basketball against their child – at this time, they realize they are no longer young.
• Midlife crisis: some become dissatisfied with the way their life has turned out, or start to realize their limitations or that dreams they previously had may not come true. This is seen as a negative time.
• However, some people may instead experience positively, and consider it an age of mastery. With a positive attitude, people can see their lives as accomplished.
• Empty-nest syndrome: this is a term applied to feelings of emptiness and loss mothers and fathers sometimes feel after the children have left home to establish their own lives.
• Menopause is a term used to describe what women go through in their late 40s or early 50s – they stop menstruation and can no longer have children.
• Women may feel discomfort. feel hot suddenly, sweat, feel tired and have mood swings (happy one minute, sad the next). This is all due to hormonal changes in the body.

Interview: relationship

1. What do you find the most attractive about your parter?

• smile (passion)

2. Will you still love your parter if one day he/she become physically disable (e.g. lost their legs)

• yes (commitment)

3. What’s your favourite thing to do together?

• watch ghost movie (passion)

4. do you feel you know and understand you partner most of the time?

• yes (intimacy)

5. how long have you been marriage/together?

• 8 months (commitment)

6. how do you usually solve problem when you have a fight with your parter?

• talk to each about the problem to make sure there is no misunderstanding between us (intimacy)

7. what is the most precious memory of you and your parter?

• when we went to the theme park (passion)

8. what would you do to help your parter when he/she feels down?

• I will be there for him (intimacy)

9. when is your first date?

• 27 June 2013 (intimacy)

10. how often do you laugh together? (rate 1-10)

• 9 (intimacy)

11. how would you celebrate your first one year anniversary?

• go to theme park and spend the whole day together (commitment)

12. how do you show your love to each other?

• spend time together as much as you can (commitment)

13, do you think your relationship is strong? (rate 1-10)

• 10 (commitment)

14. how much do you trust each other? (rate 1-10)

• 10 (intimacy)

15. when is the last time you said “I love you” to your parter?

• this morning (passion)

16. Will you do things that you dislike just to make your partner happy?

• yes (commitment)

passion – 4, intimacy – 6, commitment – 6

 

From the interview, results shows that there are passion, intimacy, commitment in the relationship. According to Rebert Sternberg’s theory, this type of relationship is consummate love (intimacy+passion+commitment). Consummate love is when you continue to stay in love, remain close and connected, romantic and committed to each other. And this is the perfect relationship among all the type

 

Relationship

Attraction

• attraction is a kind of attitude of liking.
• attraction to another person often leads to friendship to love
• factors that attract us to particular people as potential friends or partners include physical appearance, similarity to ourselves, and evidence that our attraction is returned.

What do you find most attractive?

• what we find physically attractive will vary from person to person

Universally attractive (to all people)

• smiling
• large été and high cheekbones
• healthy skin and hair

Baby study 

• a study done by Langlois in the year 1994 investigated the kinds of faces that infants find most attractive.
• they found that the babies (as early as 2) would stare of longer at the faces that they liked. Interestingly, the faces that the babies most enjoyed looking at were the faces that were rated as “most attractive” by adults as well.

Society and what is attractive

• most of the celebrities and media you see has been photo-shopped.
• It has been found that preference for certain body types vary widely among people (Etcoff,1994)
• There is a great deal of variation in people’s standard for attractiveness of body shape – both  in the shape we prefer in others and the shape that we perceive in ourselves.

College study

• a study of college and women in 1985 was conducted.
• the men in the study thought that their bodies were copse to the ideal the women found attractive.
• the women in the study thought that their bodies were heavier than  the ideal that men found attractive.
• women feel more pressure than men to go on diets or have an eating disorder.

Similarity in physical attractiveness

• according to the matching hypothesis, people then to choose friends and partners who are similar to themselves in attractiveness.
• Perhaps this is because someone is afraid of rejection from someone who is “more attractive”
• partners, much of the time, seem to be similar in are, ethnicity, age, level of education, and religion.
• This is also likely to be because we are in proximity to these people – they are the people around us the most, and likely the ones available to be in a relationship with.

Reciprocity

• reciprocity is the mutual exchange of feelings or attitudes. This is when the person we like likes us back too.
• research show that we are more open, warm, and helpful when we talk to strangers who seem to likes us too.

What is love and how is it different than attraction? Is it different? 

• Rebert Sternberg 
• • identified seven types of relationship, each of which is characterised by at least one of three components: intimacy, passion, or commitment. 
• Intimacy – closeness and caring, connectedness, strong emotional bonds (mutual concern and sharing feelings and resources)
• Passion – romantic and sexual attraction.
• Commitment – a couple’s recognition that they are “in love” and what to be together “for better or for worse.” (stay together through think and thin)
• • liking: intimacy
  • • feel close and connected emotionally, but have yet become passionately involved or think about future commitment.
  • romantic love: passion + intimacy
  • • in love and have sting sexual desire, very close, but have yet to discuss about any future plans.
  • companionate: intimacy + commitment
  • • stay together for several years, still very close and connected emotionally, but do not always feel the same passion toward one another as you once did.
  • infatuation: passion
  • • strong sexual drive and a need for physical and romantic contact with each other, but do not feel very close to each other. not planned for future, and not even thought about long-term commitment.
  • fatuous love: passion + commitment
  • • you have been together and are planning got staying together. continue to maintain a healthy and satisfying sex life, but not feel very closely connected emotionally.
  • empty love: commitment
  • consummate love: intimacy + passion + commitment
  • • after 6 years together, you are as in love as ever. remain close and connected, very sexually and romantically, and committed to each other.
• Sternberg said that most couples start out with a lot of physical attraction that can develop into passion. If they are compatible, their intimacy and passion may grow. They may eventually decide to make a commitment to each other.
• • Dating > steady relationship > marriage
  • love changes as relationships get deeper and could endure trails together

Hackschooling

1 page written video analysis 300 words

• 3 paragraph
  • 1. thought and feelings about the video
    • After watch the video, I agree with what he said. People should be more hacker mindset, which mean we should try to think outside of the box, be different, be more creative. I also agree that happy and healthy is as important as education. According to what he has study about how to be happy and healthy, he came up with 8 practicing which are exercise, diet&nutrition, time in nature, contribution&service, relationships, recreation, relaxation&stress management, religions&spiritual. And I think these should be apply to every schools system. Most of all, I love the way he give his speech to the audiences. He is a very good public speaker, he persuade people by sharing his own experience. I think it’s a very good video to watch, it shows that being able to think outside of the box is an important thing, and so as being happy and healthy.

 

• 2. what is hack-schooling? what kind of things does a student learn in the hack-schooling?
  • Hack-schooling is when you get to experience what you learning, it’s a short cut to get to faster and better result. Hack-schooling is consist of creative hacker mindset, experiential classes and camp, technology and online resources, happy and health 8TLCs. In my opinion, I think this kind of learning is the best, because you can get to experience it, you can get to understand more, and also make learning become an interesting thing. In hack-schooling, students get to learn math, science, history, and writing just like what normal school did. The different is in hack-schooling, you can choose what you like to do in each subject. For example, like what the boy in the video said, he didn’t really love writing at first place because he didn’t get the topic that he want to write about. But in hack-school, he get to write about skiing which is what he love, and eventually he had enjoy writing. In hack-schooling, you enjoy learning the subjects because you get to experience it and sense it by yourself. It would so good if every school could be like hack-schooling.

 

• 3. in what way can we change the traditional classroom to inspire creativity and free-choice learning?
  • we can make the classroom and students feel more enjoyable with subjects by learning outside the classroom or school instead of just taking note in the classroom such as field trip. This could help the students to feel interest with the subjects that they are learning because they can get to explore the real world outside of the classroom, and experience what they are learning. And if the students enjoy the subjects, then they would love it and feel like want to learn by themselves without having to force them learning. Therefore, this is one of the good way to motivate the student to learn and help them to understand more.

Girl Rising Reflection

The film “Girl Rising” is one of a very good movie which tells the stories of 9 girls from 9 different countries who are wishing to be educate. This movie makes us realize how lucky we are comparing to those girls. And it makes us know that there are still many young girls around the world who need to fight for their life. They should be given the right to be educated and being treated fairly.

 

Suma is a girl from Nepal. She is one of the girl in the movie that I really feel sorry for as she being bonded into child labor since the age of 6. Child who are being force into child labor since a very young age might be prevent from development of cognitive skill. As Piaget says, child begins to shows sign of adult’s thinking around the age of 7 to 11. Suma was being child labor since the age of 6, this might cause her cognitive skills to be lack behind others kids. For example, she might cannot think abstractly, might not know what is right or wrong because no one teach her. Beside this, being child labor would also effect social development as well. It’s important for kids to spend time with their family and friends to build up strong relationship. Kids like Suma who never get this chance will be feeling isolate, depressed, and maybe other emotional problems.

 

Another girl in the movie that I feel enjoy watching is Ruksana – a girl from india. Although she was born in a poor family and have to live on the street, but she is lucky that had a loving and supportive family who work hard for her. Her parents are authoritative parents; they combine warmth with positive strict guidelines to keep their feel safe and happy. As one of the scene when her father brought her colour pen and a drawing book instead of scolding at her. As a result, Ruksana promise her dad that she stop drawing when teacher is teaching and will pay attention in class.

 

One of the most important message from this movie is education. From this movie, we can see that there are many girls waiting to get the opportunity like us, they are waiting to be treat fairly. No matter what gender they are, they should be given the right to learn, to reach their dream. Even though our world is now development, but we can see that there are girls who still lag far behind boys in school enrolment. Not only this, some girls are being force to marriage since young age, and child labor. These issues should be taken seriously. There is no reason that these girls should be treated this way. It’s time for us to stand up for them and make their dream came true.

Child Abuse

Child Abuse

• research the car of Genie (also discussed in chapter 2 and 8)
• how was she teated by her parents?
• • leave her in the room for 13 yrs.
• what was the result on her social development?
• • she never be able to learn her language.

• Unconditioned positive regard : means that parents love and accept their children for who the are, no matter how they behave. Children who are treated this way often develop hight self-esteem.
• Conditioned positive regard : means that the parents only show their love when the hidl behaves in certain acceptable ways. These children often grow up into adults who constantly try to find approval from others. (low self esteem. )

Jean Piaget

• He believed that human beings organize news information in 2 ways: through assimilation and accommodation.
• Assimilation: the process which new information is placed into categories that already exist.
• Accommodation: a change brought about because of new information.
• • e.g. the child call a cat “doggie” but is corrected by his parents that it’s a cat, and therefore a new category is created.
• 1: The sensorimotor stage:  the first stage of cognitive development and is characterize mainly by learning  to coordinate sensation  and perception with motor activity. (0-2 yrs)
• • e.g coordination vision with touch.
  • Object permanence: part of the sensorimotor stage that happens between eight months and one year. The infants come to understand that objects will exist even if they cannot see them or touch  them .
  • e.g. a bear is places in a drawer, and they know that the bear is in their even they didn’t see.
• 2: the pre-operational stage: the second safe of development starting around 2years of age. The child beings to use words and symbols to represent objects, the children have one dimensional thinking, meaning they can only see one  aspect. (2-6 yrs)
• 3: concrete-operational stage: this is at about the age of 7, children begin to show signs of adult thinking. They now understand the laws of conservation and can focus on 2 dimensions of a problem at same time. start not being selfish. (7-11 yrs)
• 4: formal-operational stage: final cognitive stage. begin at about puberty (12yrs +) people can think abstractly (in there mind’s eye can imagine). They are able to deal with hypothetical situation and realize there may be many ways to solve the problems. cause

Psychologist  Lawrence Kholberg devised another cognitive theory about development of children’s moral reasoning. (read story on pg.246)

– Do you think stealing the drug is right or wrong? why?

ans: I think it’s right, because he really need to drug to helps his wife. He didn’t steal the drug to do something bad or harm other people.

• Kohlberg believed that moral development followed stage. People develop at their own rate and do not go backwards. Not everyone reaches the highest level in their lifetime.
• avoidance punishment: lowest stage; do something to avoid punishment.
• • the man would not steal in fear of the authorities.
• self-interest: do whatever that make you happy, selfish.
• • the man would act out of self-motive without thought to others. he might or might not steal.
• good boy attitude: do things to win approval of others, without caring right or wrong.
• law and order morality: hight reared for authority and social orders.
• • he might feel like he better not steal it.
• social contract: social contract/agreement. but the person will only follow the social laws and norms if they don’t feel personally at odds with them.
• morality: highest, morality of the individual consciences, not necessarily in agreement with others or society. having own moral standard that will never break it.
• • one might argue that the pharmacist was acting out greed and that survival was more important than profit.

SUMMARIZE each stage and give examples of person in that stage

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development

1. sensorimotor (0-2) 

• The first stage of cognitive development. Infant form 3 – 4 months will be fascinated with their own hands and legs, and are able to control them. They coordinating vision with touch. For example they will be interest in the object they are holding. Around 8 months – 1 year, the infant can understand that the object is exist even bought they cannot see or touch them. For example, when the toy is  in the box, the child knows it even they didn’t see or touch it.

2. pre-operational (2-6)

• The second stage of cognitive development. Around the age of 2, the child start to use words and symbol in communicating. The child has only one dimensional thinking, which mean they only know one thing at a time. For example, there are 2 glasses which contain the same amount of water, when we pour the water from one glass into a taller glass, the kid will say that the taller glass has more water, even though the amount of water is the same.
• Also in this stage, the child won’t be able to know other people’s point of view; they believe the world only exist to themselves.

3. concrete operational (7-11)

• The third stage of cognitive development. Around the age of 7, the child start to show sign of adult’s thinking. They understand other’s point of view, and start to not being selfish. And also can focus on two dimensions.

4. formal operational (12+)

• The last stage of cognitive development. know the cause and effect of things they do. learning to know that there are many ways to solve problems. For example they know what should do and what should not do.